An Earth Pressure Balance Tunnel Boring Machine (EPB TBM) is a type of mechanised tunnelling machine designed for soft ground conditions. It operates by using a rotating cutting wheel at the front to excavate soil, which is then mixed with a controlled amount of additives to create a paste-like material. This material helps maintain pressure at the tunnel face, balancing the external earth pressure and preventing collapse. The excavated material is transported through the machine using a screw c

Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) construction is a mechanized tunnelling method used for excavating underground tunnels with minimal surface disruption. A TBM is a massive cylindrical machine equipped with a rotating cutterhead that excavates soil or rock while advancing forward. The excavated material is transported out of the tunnel via conveyor belts muck transportation or slurry pipelines, depending on the TBM type. Simultaneously, pre-cast concrete segments are installed along the tunnel walls t