Greenland’s human story runs far deeper than the Norse sagas. Archaeology traces Indigenous presence back almost 4,500 years, beginning with a succession of Paleo-Eskimo cultures—not one single people, but multiple waves of Arctic innovators adapting to a brutal environment on its own terms. Early cultures such as Independence I and Saqqaq, followed later by Dorset, left behind a signature of survival technology: finely made microblades, carefully shaped bone and antler tools, and evidence of sk