The Estonian economy is slowly re-emerging from a prolonged downturn but faces structural challenges. Wages growing faster than productivity and permanent increases in input costs, a legacy of ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) concluded the Article IV Consultation with the Republic of Estonia on a lapse of time basis on July 9, 2025.1 The authorities have ...

The French economy has demonstrated resilience in 2024 despite high uncertainty, bolstered by the summer Olympics in Paris. The disinflationary process is progressing well, and the labor market ...

The French financial system has proven resilient to the shocks of the last five years but faces headwinds from domestic and external policy uncertainty and high fiscal consolidation needs.

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the Article IV Consultation for France on July 11, 2025.

Iraq has managed to uphold domestic stability despite regional turmoil. However, rapid expansion of spending and emerging financing constraints led to arrears accumulation in 2024. These challenges ...

This new conference series will establish a forum for dialogue and knowledge exchange among academics, researchers, and policymakers on significant regional and global economic issues. It also seeks ...

A Crisis Like No Other, An Uncertain Recovery Read full report PDF Download the Data Global growth is projected at –4.9 percent in 2020, 1.9 percentage points below the April 2020 World Economic ...

The postpandemic global economy is beset by slower growth, the most persistent inflation in decades, limited progress on sustainability, and high borrowing costs weighing on investment, including the ...

1 Voting power varies on certain matters pertaining to the General Department with use of the Fund's resources in that Department. 2 Percentages of total votes (5,041,052) in the General Department ...

The Board of Governors, the highest decision-making body of the IMF, consists of one governor and one alternate governor for each member country. The governor is appointed by the member country and is ...

Namibia’s arid climate makes it highly susceptible to severe weather shocks. The prolonged drought in 2023–24 caused a sharp decline in crop yields and exacerbated food insecurity. This paper ...