Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm babies is a serious gastrointestinal emergency with potentially devastating consequences. Prompt and accurate diagnosis continues to be a challenge for ...

Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) pose a particular challenge to diagnosis. Although individually rare, improved diagnostics and greater awareness have shown that the incidence is much greater than ...

Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is well established in adult emergency medicine and critical care. It is used for immediate diagnosis and evaluation of the impact of bedside interventions in the ...

Next generation sequencing (NGS), massively parallel or deep sequencing are related terms that describe a DNA sequencing technology which has revolutionised genomic research. Using NGS an entire human ...

Journal club is a long-standing pedagogy within clinical practice and education. While journal clubs throughout the world traditionally follow an established format, new approaches have emerged in ...

Proteomics is the study of a large number of proteins in biological systems. We aim to introduce the complex field to paediatricians and present some recent examples of applications to paediatric ...

Electronic data are increasingly recorded in clinical practice. Just as advances in genetics have gradually led to clinical benefit1 so too are ‘big data’ bringing tangible advances to patient care.2 ...

Drooling beyond the age of 4 years is neurodevelopmentally abnormal. Chronic “sialorrhoea” is seen in children with abnormal oral sensation and/or motor control and more infrequently when there is ...

The aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotics that are commonly prescribed for children, primarily for infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens. The aminoglycosides include ...

Tremor is defined as a rhythmic, involuntary, oscillatory movement of body parts. Although constituting nearly 20% of presentations with paediatric movement disorders, tremor in childhood, beginning ...

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic condition with a prevalence of1:10 000 -20 000 live births.1 The prevalence is higher in certain ethnic groups due to consanguineous marriages.2 It ...

Performing and interpreting otoscopy is a core clinical skill for any healthcare practitioner who looks after children. However, training and experience can vary hugely, which affects the accuracy of ...