Cardiac valve surgery elicits a more pronounced systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by higher interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 1, and remains ...

H. Jalalzadeh and R. H. Hulskes contributed equally to this work.

Intraoperative hypotension is common and has been associated with adverse events, including acute kidney failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Since blood pressure is a multidimensional and ...

Liver transplantation in patients with end-stage liver failure is a challenging procedure for anesthesiologists because of hemodynamic instability (referred to as a hyperdynamic state), intermittent ...

Routine use of cardiac output (CO) monitoring became available with the introduction of the pulmonary artery catheter into clinical practice. Since then, several systems have been developed that allow ...