Understanding a molecule that plays a key role in nitrogen fixing – a chemical process that enables life on Earth – has long ...

Cryptography secures communication in banking, messaging, and blockchain. Good algorithms (AES, RSA, ECC, SHA-2/3, ChaCha20) are secure, efficient, and widely trusted. Bad algorithms (DES, MD5, SHA-1, ...

We propose the Trust Region Preference Approximation (TRPA) algorithm ⚙️, which integrates rule-based optimization with preference-based optimization for LLM reasoning tasks 🤖🧠. As a ...

One of the biggest barriers to using AI successfully is bias, which is one of the terms we defined last time, as follows: Bias, in a general context, refers to a predisposition or inclination towards ...

Abstract: Noncommutative constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are higher-dimensional operator extensions of classical CSPs. Their approximability remains largely unexplored. A notable example of a ...

Coastal waters require monitoring of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) in a wide range of Chl-a from a few mg/m 3 to hundreds of mg/m 3, which is of interest to the fisheries industry, evaluation of ...

Approximation Algorithm for the NP-Complete problem of finding a vertex cover of minimum weight in a graph with weighted vertices. Guarantees an answers at most 2 times the optimal minimum weighted ...

Institute of Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia. Let’s start with an excursion into the two-century history of studying the classical Fourier series ...