Children begin learning mathematics well before they enter elementary school. Starting from infancy and continuing throughout the preschool period, they develop a base of skills, concepts, and ...

Hand gestures and actions-with-objects (hereafter ‘actions’) are both forms of movement that can promote learning. However, the two have unique affordances, which means that they have the potential to ...

Spatial reasoning is critical to early mathematics learning, but it is unclear how early elementary educators learn to teach and are supported in teaching its comprising skills. One view of the ...