Our class distribution check clearly confirmed this imbalance, where Class '5.0' (38.41%) and Class '4.0' (24.02%) dominate the dataset. To handle this multi-class skewness without blowing up our ...

2. LLM fundamentals (the practical version) Before building, four practical ideas. We keep the math light — the goal is operating intuition. 2.1 What an LLM is and why decoder-only models dominate ...