If the medical chart says "pH 7.32, PaCO2 50, PaO2 65, HCO3 24, BE 0," how would you explain this patient's condition? I think many people look at the numbers but honestly don't fully understand them.

Even if you remember the classification and definition of "Type I and Type II respiratory failure," are you able to connect that knowledge to whether the patient in front of you fits into either ...

Background Parasympathetic pulmonary nerves release acetylcholine that induces smooth muscle constriction. Disruption of parasympathetic pulmonary nerves improves lung function and COPD symptoms. Aims ...

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may contribute to the progression of kidney disease either through direct effects of hypoxia on ...

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