Abstract: The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been shown to be powerful in searching for an optimal solution. This paper proposes an improvement to the whale optimization algorithm that is ...

Second, the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is employed with a rolling-aware enhancement strategy, which involves initializing pheromones via a normal distribution around the reference route, ...

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Water distribution network (WDN) optimization has received special attention from various technicians and researchers, mainly due to its high costs of implementation, operation and maintenance.