The liberalisation of the EU air transport market, completed in 1997 and consolidated under Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, expanded routes, lowered fares, and increased passenger numbers to over ...

Conflict is rarely confined to the geographical space in which wars take place. The increasingly global effects – human, material and political – of wars and conflicts make a view of the level of ...

EPRS traditionally opens the year with a look ahead to the issues and trends that will be high on the EU agenda. On Wednesday 14 January it presented its outlook ‘Ten issues to watch in 2026’, a ...

The communication on the European Democracy Shield (EDS) aims to boost the protection of democracy against attacks, including from foreign information manipulation and interference (FIMI) and ...

Members gather on 19 January for the first plenary session of 2026. The agenda features a debate on the conclusions of the European Council meeting of 18-19 December 2025, the presentation of the ...

Russia’s escalating hybrid attacks, including drone incursions, have prompted NATO’s Operation Eastern Sentry and the European Union’s (EU) plans for a European Drone Wall and Eastern Flank Watch. The ...

You can use our collection of graphs, charts, tables and maps with statistical data for any purpose (just please credit the European Parliamentary Research Service). The images were created by the ...

The EU and China account for nearly 30 % of global trade. The EU has defined China as a ‘partner, competitor, and systemic rival.’ ...

Written by Polona Car with Filippo Cassetti. Dark patterns are deceptive techniques used by online platforms to manipulate users’ behaviour, often without their knowledge or consent. The EU regulatory ...

Russia’s war on Ukraine has been a wake-up call for many EU Member States’ defence budgets. Rising from €218 billion in 2021 to €326 billion in 2024, a further increase of at least €100 billion is ...

This briefing is part of an EPRS series on national parliaments and EU affairs. It offers an overview of the way the EU Member States’ national parliaments are structured and how they process, ...

This EPRS publication seeks to put into context, and offer insights on, 10 key issues and policy areas on the European Union's political agenda in 2026.