Cell references in Excel are like addresses that point to specific cells. Three types of Excel cell references are relative, absolute, and mixed, each with unique functions.

Cells in Excel are referred to using relative or absolute references. A formula with relative references changes when the cell's position does.

Cell References in Excel Formulas When you create a formula in an Excel cell, you'll frequently include a reference to another cell in the spreadsheet.

Unlike relative references, absolute references do not change when copied or filled. You can use an absolute reference to keep a row and/or column constant.