The availability of large volumes of data is a key requirement in the development of efficient, robust, and advanced machine learning based prediction models. This paper introduces the ImageNet ...

The new reasoning AI, named the Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM), is inspired by the human brain's hierarchical and ...

When researchers investigate how school policies, practices, or climates affect student outcomes, they use multilevel, hierarchical data. Though methodologists have consistently warned of the ...

In this article we develop Patz's (1996) hierarchical rater model (HRM) for polytomous item response data scored by multiple raters, and show how it can be used to scale examinees and items, to model ...

In this paper, we describe the hierarchical data model (HDM), which is a performance efficient alternative to the traditional flat CDC verification flow. The HDM is equivalent to an abstract CDC model ...