Spectral graph theory examines the structural and dynamical properties of graphs by analysing the spectra of associated matrices such as the adjacency matrix, Laplacian, normalised Laplacian and ...

Zadeh 1 introduced the idea of a fuzzy set by assigning degrees of membership between 0 and 1 to the elements of the set. In 1975, Rosenfeld 2 examined the fuzzy graph. Thereafter, the identical idea ...

For most of us, the word graph brings back memories (not always pleasant) of pencils and rulers and quadrille ruled paper, though a more recent generation may think instead of pie and bar charts ...