Bacterial transcription initiation is orchestrated by the RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme, comprising the multisubunit core enzyme and a σ factor that directs promoter recognition. Initiation begins ...

Transcription initiation and elongation of HIV-1 are critical processes regulating viral latency and activation. Despite these two processes playing essential roles in HIV-1 gene expression, how they ...

Every living cell transcribes DNA into RNA. This process begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP) clamps onto DNA. Within a few hundred milliseconds, the DNA double helix unwinds to form a ...

Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA -- that molecular blueprint for life -- over 70 years ago. Today, scientists are still uncovering new ways to read it.