Following the launch of its initiative, "Pharmaceutical cGMPs for the 21st Century: A Risk-Based Approach," FDA has been looking to process analytical technology (PAT) for improvements in process ...

Programmable logic controllers (PLC) save time, money, and energy in process control systems. They simplify systems. A brief history of manufacturing processes sets the stage for how to use modern ICs ...

Oscillation detection in process control systems remains of paramount importance in ensuring operational efficiency and maintaining product quality. The ability to accurately identify and characterise ...

Although some aspects of process validation for continuous processes are the same as those for traditional batch processes, there are some unique considerations. Although some aspects of process ...

These networks aren’t well known by many, yet they’re responsible for controlling much in our lives. And they’re not very secure. What are the most powerful networks in the world? Those that run the ...

E-2's main propulsion system consists of two DC motors directly driving contra-rotating propellers. An underwater vehicle with a single propeller is subject to undesirable torque forces, especially if ...

To design a truly effective automation system, integrators must first understand all the processes involved in an operator or technician’s work day. As system integrators, we’re the ones responsible ...

When it comes to process-control systems, reliability is crucial and failure can be costly or dangerous. A combination of good design practices, component selection, and testing can enhance ...

At one time, process historians were simply software packages used to store and present real-time process data. Today, however, historians are being used to do much more. Process historians are being ...