Effective control of terahertz radiation requires fast and efficient modulators with a large modulation depth—a challenge that is often tackled by using metamaterials. Metamaterial-based active ...

The concept of entropy was originally applied in thermodynamics to represent the degree of disorder in molecules and later used to reflect the uncertainty of random events 27,28. With the ...

Emerging, data-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning are gaining popularity. Data centers, which act as the essential infrastructure for these technologies, need to ...