Last week, I introduced Emmy Noether, an extraordinary figure in the fields of mathematics and physics. To understand Noether ...

How Emmy Noether's theorem uses the Lagrangian to provide a formula for calculating the quantity of symmetries in a system—like the orbit of planets.

In problems such as spreading of plankton in the ocean, transport of pollutants in the atmosphere, mixing of fluids or rain initiation in clouds, the understanding of statistical properties of ...

A sneeze. Ocean currents. Smoke. What do these have in common? They're instances of turbulence: unpredictable, chaotic, uneven fluid flows of fluctuating velocity and pressure. Though ubiquitous in ...

A: The Lagrangian points are indeed points, infinitesimal in size, where the gravitational forces from a planet and another body (generally the Sun or a moon) exactly balance the centrifugal force.

A sneeze. Ocean currents. Smoke. What do these have in common? They’re instances of turbulence: unpredictable, chaotic, uneven fluid flows of fluctuating velocity and pressure. Though ubiquitous in ...

The Lagrangian equilibrium stability points, or L points, are the five places where the combined gravitational forces of two bodies produce regions of gravitational balance. These are little pockets ...

A sneeze. Ocean currents. Smoke. What do these have in common? They're instances of turbulence: unpredictable, chaotic, uneven fluid flows of fluctuating velocity and pressure. Though ubiquitous in ...