Being able to efficiently interpret ladder (line) diagrams is an important part of electrically troubleshooting many HVACR systems. These diagrams are drawn in such a format that it is quite easy to ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

When a PLC is used primarily to replace relays, timers, and counters, it's hard to beat the simplicity and usefulness of ladder diagram programming. Their ability to accept programming in ladder ...

Though PLC (programmable logic controller) programming languages may not receive the attention that general computing programming languages, such as JavaScript, C#, or Python do, they remain critical ...